State of rest : If the position of an object does not change with time, the object is said to be in a state of rest.
State of motion : If the position of an object changes with time,the object is said to be in a state of motion.
Distance : The actual path traversed by an object in a certain interval of time is called distance traveled by that object.
Speed : It is the distance travelled by an object in unit time. Speed is measured in meters/second.
Displacement : The change in position when an object moves is calledthe displacement of that object. In other words It is the shortest distance between the initial and final positions of the object.
Velocity : It is the displacement of an object in unit time. Velocity is measured in meters/second.
Uniform motion : If an object moves with uniform velocity, the motion is called uniform motion.As the velocity is same throughout the motion,the object travels equal distance in equal intervals of time.
Displacement = velocity × time
Non-Uniform motion : If an object moves with non-uniform velocity, the motion is called non uniform motion. In non uniform motion,the object may have uniform acceleration or non uniform acceleration.
velocity - time relation v = u + at
position - time relation S = ut + ½at²
If the velocity of an object is constant, the displacement = velocity × time
If it moves with uniform acceleration,the displacement is given by;
position - velocity relation v² - u² = 2aS
Velocity : It is the displacement of an object in unit time. Velocity is measured in meters/second.
Acceleration : It is the change in velocity in unit time. It is measured in meters/second².
Uniform motion : If an object moves with uniform velocity, the motion is called uniform motion.As the velocity is same throughout the motion,the object travels equal distance in equal intervals of time.
Displacement = velocity × time
Non-Uniform motion : If an object moves with non-uniform velocity, the motion is called non uniform motion. In non uniform motion,the object may have uniform acceleration or non uniform acceleration.
Non-Uniformly accelerated motion : If an object moves with non-uniform acceleration, the motion is called non-uniformly accelerated motion. As the object is accelerated non uniformly throughout the motion,Graphical methods are used to find the velocity & displacement of the object.
Uniformly accelerated motion : If an object moves with uniform acceleration, the motion is called uniformly accelerated motion. As the object is accelerated uniformly throughout the motion,
Equations of motion
velocity - time relation v = u + at
position - time relation S = ut + ½at²
If the velocity of an object is constant, the displacement = velocity × time
If it moves with uniform acceleration,the displacement is given by;
position - velocity relation v² - u² = 2aS
Graphical Representation of Motion
Motion of an object can be represented in 3 ways.
- Position - time graph or Distance - time graph
- Velocity - time graph
- Acceleration - time graph
Position - time graph or Distance - time graph
Position-time graph describes the motion of an object and helps to visualize the trajectory of the objects.
For an object,position is the dependent variable,which depends on the independent variable, time.
In position time graph, the vertical Y axis represents the position of the object while the horizontal X axis represents the time.
Slop of the position-time graph gives the velocity of the object. The steeper the slope is, the faster the motion is changing.
For an object,position is the dependent variable,which depends on the independent variable, time.
In position time graph, the vertical Y axis represents the position of the object while the horizontal X axis represents the time.
Slop of the position-time graph gives the velocity of the object. The steeper the slope is, the faster the motion is changing.
Stationary object
As the object is Stationary,position does not change with time.
The position time graph of a Stationary object is a straight line parallel to the time axis.
Slope of the line = velocity = zero
Object moving with uniform velocity
The position time graph of an object moving with uniform velocity is a straight line inclined to time axis.
The inclination of the line is the velocity of the object.
Slope of the line = inclination of the line = velocity
Slope of the line = acceleration = zero
Object moving with uniform acceleration
The position time graph of an object moving with uniform acceleration is a parabola.
Slope of the parabola = velocity of the object, changes every time.
Velocity - time graph
Velocity is the dependent variable which depends on the independent variable time.
In velocity time graph,Velocity of an object is plotted against time.
Time is plotted on the horizontal axis (X axis ). Velocity is plotted on the vertical axis (Y axis).
Slop of the velocity time graph gives the acceleration of the object. The steeper the slope is, the faster the velocity is changing.
Area under the velocity time graph gives the displacement of the object.
Stationary object
As the object is Stationary, position does not change with time.
The velocity time graph of a Stationary object is a straight line on the time axis.
Velocity is zero on the time axis.
Slope of the line = acceleration = zero
Area under the line = displacement = zero
Object moving with uniform velocity
The velocity time graph of an object moving with uniform velocity is a straight line parallel to the time axis, as the velocity is constant throughout the motion.
Area under the line = displacement = velocity × time
Object moving with uniform acceleration
The velocity time graph of an object moving with uniform acceleration is a straight line inclined to time axis.
Slope of the line = inclination of the line = acceleration of the object = velocity/ time
Area under the line = displacement = average velocity × time
Object moving with unifincreasing acceleration
The velocity time graph of an object moving with uniformly increasing acceleration is a parabola.
Slope of the curve = acceleration of the object = velocity/ time
Area under the curve = displacement = average velocity × time
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